Protein Synthesis Study Guide Answer Key

Mutations 1

TACTATTTCATC

AUGAUAAAGUAG is the transcribed mRNA strand. When it is translated using the chart, ou get the following amino acids

start - ile- lys - stop

After the mutation, there is no start codon. So the amino acid will not be methionine and no protein will be produced. Cellular respiration could not occur.

Mutation 2

After the mutation lysine is still the amino acid added. This is a silent mutation and will not change the protein. Cellular respiration will occur as normal

Mutation 3

After the mutation ile becomes arg. This means a different protein will be produced because it will not have the correct amino acids. This protein may not work correctly and cellular respiration may not be able to occur.

Station 3-1

1. DNA
2. mRNA
3. tRNA and anticodon
4. amino acids
5. codon
6. protein

Station 3-2

DNA has a double helix. It is also the only molecule of the three that has the sugar deoxyribose in its nucleotides. Furthermore, it is the only one that has the nitrogen base thymine.

If none of the above conditions applied, you would know it was a type of RNA. You could look at the size. tRNA would be the smallest and mRNA would be next.

DNA holds the origianl message for making proteins. mRNA copies or transcribes a single gene and takes that message to the ribosome. The tRNA brings in amino acids and attaches itself to mRNA thus reading or translating mRNA's code so that it can assemble the protein.

The boss's office would be the nucleus since this is where DNA, the boss is found. DNA is the boss because it holds the original instructions to direct the production of proteins. The mRNA would be the floor supervisor since it sends the message to the ribosome. Therefore, the ribosome would be the assembly line. The workers on the assembly line would be the rRNA since they put together the product just like tRNA puts together amino acids to make a protein. The materials used to assemble the product would therefore be the amino acids and the product itself would be the protein.

Replication is making DNA and you use T
Transcription is making mRNA and you use U